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John Gibson (soldier)
John Gibson (May 23, 1740 – April 10, 1822) was a veteran of the French and Indian War, Lord Dunmore's War, the American Revolutionary War, Tecumseh's War, and the War of 1812. A delegate to the first Pennsylvania constitutional convention in 1790, and a merchant, he earned a reputation as a frontier leader and had good relations with many Native American in the region. At age sixty he was appointed the Secretary of the Indiana Territory where he was responsible for organization the territorial government. He served twice as acting governor of the territory, including a one-year period during the War of 1812 in which he mobilized and led the territorial militia to relieve besieged Fort Harrison.
==Early life==
John Gibson was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on May 23, 1740, the son of George and Elizabeth de Vinez Gibson. Gibson's father was born in Antrim, Ireland and came to Pennsylvania in 1730. The elder Gibson was a trader, who exchanged goods with the Conestogas who often met near his tavern in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.〔Charles W. Hanko. ''The Life of John Gibson: Soldier, Patriot, Statesman'' (Dayton Beach, Florida: College Publishing Company, 1955) p. 10〕 John Gibson's mother Elizabeth was born in France and left that country because she was a Hugenot〔Hanko. ''Gibson''. p. 11〕
Most of Gibson's early life was spent along the Allegheny frontier where he was a merchant trader. He held local office in several counties as a judge, clerk, and sheriff. Although there is no record of his schooling, he was reputed to be well educated for his times.〔Gugin, p. 28〕
In 1758, at age seventeen, he participated in the Forbes Expedition under General John Forbes against the French at Fort Duquesne as part of the French and Indian War.〔 He remained at Fort Pitt after the war to engage in trade with Native Americans. He was captured by Lenape during Pontiac's Rebellion while trading in the west and was condemned to be burnt, but escaped death when he was adopted by an old Indian woman whose son had died in battle. He remained with the Lenape tribe for some time. Later Gibson was freed as a result of the Boquet Expedition.〔Earl P. Olmstead. ''David Zeisberger: A Life Among the Indians''. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1997) p. 394-395 note 20〕 After this Gibson returned to being an Indian trader. He built a house at Logstown which was described as the "only house there" by David McClure.〔Hanna. ''Wilderness Trail''. p. 380〕 Gibson married a relative of Mingo leader Logan and also learned to speak the Mingo language.〔According to Gugin, Gibson's wife was Logan's sister. (Gugin, p. 28)〕 Gibson's wife and several other Mingo were murdered by a group of settlers in May 1774.〔〔Woolen, p. 11〕 Gibson's daughter survived this incident, and was put into his care and he saw to her education.〔Charles Augustus Hanna. ''The Wilderness Trail'' (1911) Vol. 1, p. 381〕 In 1774, he participated in Dunmore's War and produced a written translation of Logan's famous speech suing for peace: "I appeal to any white man to say if he ever entered Logan's cabin hungry and he gave him not meat. . . . "〔Woollen, p. 12〕
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